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Hic, Marcel

Hic, Marcel

Marcel Hic, 30 de abril de 1915 (Francia)-28 de de diciembre de 1944, fue un militante trotskista. Estudió en el Lycée Henri IV de París y obtuvo un diploma de educación superior en alemán. En 1933, Marcel Hic se unió a la organización trotskista de la Liga Comunista y participó en la constitución de su organización juvenil, la Juventud Leninista. Con la mayor parte de la Liga, se unió en septiembre de 1934 al Partido Socialista (SFIO). Se convirtió en uno de los líderes de la Federación de Juventudes Socialistas del Sena, hasta su exclusión, como el resto de los trotskistas, ocurrida un año más tarde. Miembro del Comité Central del Grupo Bolchevique-Leninista a partir de febrero de 1936, en plena ola revolucionaria, crea el Partido Obrero Internacionalista (POI), convirtiéndose en uno de los principales dirigentes.
En desacuerdo con la dirección del POI y con León Trotsky que defienden la entrada de militantes en el PSOP (Partido Socialista Obrero y Campesino, formado a partir de una ruptura de la SFIO) de Marceau Pivert, Hic se dedica al pequeño grupo de activistas de los “Auberges de Jeunesse”, entre los que se encontraban Gérard Bloch, Maurice Laval y Lucienne Abraham.
Durante la guerra y la ocupación nazi, es la pieza clave del reagrupamiento de los trotskistas franceses y europeos, brutalmente perseguidos, aislados y asesinados tanto por la Gestapo como por los servicios secretos estalinistas. En agosto de 1940 publica La Vérité, el primer periódico antinazi clandestino en Francia, que dirigirá hasta su arresto y deportación en 1943. Hic funda el “Comité pour la Quatrième Internationale”, y en enero de 1942, el Secretariado Europeo Provisorio de la Cuarta Internacional en Bruselas, que sólo incluye activistas franceses y belgas. Escribe las "Tesis sobre la cuestión nacional", que se aprueban en julio de 1942 por la sección belga, y en diciembre del mismo año por el POI, por 9 votos contra 1. Allí vierte las ideas de 1940, y plantea que la derrota del imperialismo francés y la ocupación generaban opresión nacional y una “cuestión nacional”, por lo que traza una estrategia bajo la cual la burguesía de un país ocupado se vuelve aliada natural del movimiento obrero, y este último, un miembro pleno de la “resistencia nacional”.
Muchas de sus ideas serían retomadas en la “Resolución sobre el Movimiento Partisano” de diciembre de 1943, que no planteaba la resistencia nacional, pero sí la “resistencia bajo líneas de clase”. El otro escrito importante de Hic fue el “Manifiesto sobre la disolución del Komintern” de junio de 1943, estando todavía al frente del Secretariado Europeo.
Hic pudo escapar de la prisión en 1941 por falta de pruebas, pero es detenido, por segunda vez, en octubre de 1943. Torturado por la Gestapo y deportado a los campos de concentración nazi de Buchenwald y Dora, muere el 28 de diciembre de 1944 en un último trasladado a Elrich. David Rousset, compañero de militancia y deportación, le dedica su libro El universo concentracionario
.
Fuente: https://wikirouge.net/ y https://www.marxists.org/espanol/



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Libros y Compilaciones
México-EEUU: Vigencia del legado de Trotsky en tiempos de guerra y de crisis